how to define succes

Core idea Virtue ethics treats success not primarily as achieving external goals but as becoming and acting like a good person. “Success” is the development and exercise of stable moral and intellectual virtues so that one reliably does what is right and lives well (flourishes) as a human being (Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics). What the virtues are - Moral virtues: dispositions that regulate passions and conduct (e.g., courage, temperance, justice). - Intellectual virtues: traits of mind that enable good reasoning and understanding (e.g., practical wisdom, theoretical insight). Both kinds are needed: moral virtues shape aims and temperament; intellectual virtues (especially phronesis, practical wisdom) guide right judgment about particular situations. How success is achieved - By habituation and practice: virtues are formed through repeated right actions and moral learning, not by following rules alone. - By aiming for the mean: virtues often involve finding the appropriate balance between excess and deficiency (the “doctrine of the mean”). - By integrating feelings, motives, and deliberation: a successful (virtuous) act issues from the right motives and understanding, not merely correct outcomes. How to evaluate success - Success is assessed by character and continuity: does the person reliably act from virtuous dispositions? - It’s holistic and long-term: success is a flourishing life shaped by virtues, not isolated achievements or external rewards. - Community and practices matter: virtues are cultivated within practices, traditions, and relationships that sustain them. Contrast with other accounts - Unlike consequentialism, virtue ethics values who you are and why you act, not only what results your actions produce. - Unlike strict rule-based ethics, it emphasizes judgment and character over compliance with rules. Practical takeaway (one sentence) If you adopt a virtue view of success, define success as becoming the kind of person who habitually acts from moral and intellectual virtues—so your benchmark is character and flourishing, not only external outcomes. Select references - Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics. - Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue. - Rosalind Hursthouse, On Virtue Ethics.