The problem of why bad things happen to good people is often referred to as the problem of evil. Philosophers and theologians have proposed various explanations:

1. Free Will: Some argue that evil results from human free will. Without the ability to choose, moral goodness would be meaningless.

2. Soul-Making: Others suggest that suffering helps individuals develop virtues like courage, compassion, and resilience.

3. Mystery: Some traditions hold that the reasons for suffering are beyond human understanding, emphasizing faith and trust in a greater plan.

4. Natural Law: Natural disasters and diseases are seen as part of a world governed by natural laws, not direct divine intervention.

5. Karmic Justice: In some belief systems, suffering is viewed as a result of past actions, either in this life or a previous one.

Given your deadline, focus on the aspect that resonates most with your immediate needs or the context of your work. If you need a quick answer, the free will argument is often the most straightforward and widely discussed.