Post-structuralism is a philosophical movement that emerged in the mid-20th century, primarily in France, as a response to structuralism. Key figures include Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, and Julia Kristeva. It critiques the idea that structures (e.g., language, culture) have stable, universal meanings. Instead, it emphasizes:

1. Deconstruction: Derrida’s method of revealing the instability and contradictions within texts and systems of meaning.
2. Power and Knowledge: Foucault’s analysis of how power shapes knowledge and societal norms.
3. Subjectivity: The rejection of a fixed, coherent self, highlighting how identity is fluid and constructed through language and social practices.
4. Relativism: Skepticism toward universal truths, emphasizing context and multiplicity of interpretations.

In essence, post-structuralism challenges the notion of objective reality and fixed meanings, focusing on the fluid, contingent nature of knowledge and identity.