1. Mark Fisher – Explores how neoliberal capitalism limits our capacity to imagine alternatives (capitalist realism), effectively foreclosing many potential futures.
2. Lauren Berlant – Discusses “cruel optimism” and the emotional investments in unattainable futures, examining how societal structures hinder transformative change.
3. Frantz Fanon – While not explicitly using the term, his analysis of colonialism reveals how decolonization is riddled with lost opportunities and unrealized futures for colonized peoples.
4. Walter Benjamin – His work on history and time (e.g., “Theses on the Philosophy of History”) invites reflections on the fragments of past potential that continue to haunt the present.
5. Postcolonial and Feminist Thinkers – Scholars in these fields expand on how intersecting oppressions (race, gender, class) contribute to a collective loss of future possibilities.

These thinkers and ideas collectively deepen the discussion on how structural forces, historical events, and cultural imaginings limit or erase the potential for alternative and more just futures.