Trade tariffs are taxes imposed by governments on imported or sometimes exported goods. They serve several purposes, such as protecting domestic industries from external competition and generating state revenue. However, they can also lead to disputes in international trade and debates on economic fairness and global justice.

Debates on economic fairness revolve around whether tariffs help or harm equitable economic relations. Proponents argue that tariffs protect domestic jobs and industries from unfair foreign competition, especially when trading partners benefit from lower labor or environmental standards. Critics, however, contend that tariffs distort market efficiency, raise consumer prices, and can promote retaliatory measures that ultimately disadvantage the global community. These disputes balance national interests against broader principles of equal opportunity and mutual benefit in international trade.