1. Emergence: Complex systems exhibit properties that arise from interactions among components, which cannot be deduced simply by examining individual parts.

2. Nonlinearity: Small changes can have disproportionate effects due to feedback loops and intricate interdependencies.

3. Self-Organization: Systems often develop order spontaneously through internal dynamics without centralized control.

4. Adaptation and Co-evolution: Components and systems adjust in response to environmental changes, highlighting a process of mutual influence and evolution.

5. Interdisciplinary Perspective: Complexity theory transcends traditional disciplinary boundaries, encouraging holistic and integrative approaches to understanding systems.

This idea involves integrating concepts and methods from diverse fields—such as physics, biology, economics, and social sciences—to develop a more comprehensive understanding of complex systems. By transcending traditional disciplinary boundaries, thinkers can better capture the multifaceted dynamics and emergent behaviors that a single perspective might miss.