Dual-process theories propose that we operate using two distinct modes of thinking: a fast, automatic, and intuitive process (often called System 1) and a slower, deliberate, and analytical process (System 2). System 1 processes information rapidly with minimal conscious effort, suitable for snap judgments and routine decisions. In contrast, System 2 engages for tasks that require reasoning, careful thought, and planning, especially when facing novel or complex situations. This duality explains how humans can quickly react to immediate challenges while also allowing for reflective decision-making in more nuanced or important contexts.