Sapolsky explains that our behaviors are influenced by neural processes operating over different time scales. Immediate responses are driven by fast, hard-wired neural circuits (e.g., the amygdala), allowing us to react quickly to potential threats or opportunities. In contrast, slower processes, predominantly in the prefrontal cortex, enable thoughtful, reflective evaluation of situations. This dual processing model means that while we can respond swiftly in emergencies, we also possess the ability to adapt and adjust our behavior over longer periods to suit changing social or environmental contexts.