Sapolsky views neurobiology as a central framework for understanding behavior—not as a reductionist explanation but as a multifaceted, dynamic system. He emphasizes that our brain is composed of multiple interacting circuits, each contributing to both immediate, instinctive reactions and slower, deliberative processes. This interplay reflects the brain’s plasticity, showing how experiences, hormones, genetics, and environmental factors continuously shape neural function. In essence, Sapolsky sees neurobiology as a bridge linking biological substrates to the complex spectrum of human behavior.