The Capabilities Approach, proposed by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum, focuses on what individuals are actually able to do and be rather than simply on the allocation of resources or primary goods. This perspective argues that true fairness is measured by whether everyone has the real opportunities and freedoms needed to achieve a fulfilling life. It shifts the emphasis from equal distribution of goods to ensuring that all people have access to education, healthcare, and other essential conditions that allow them to develop their capabilities and live a dignified life.