Plato believed in an ideal, objective form of beauty beyond the physical world, while David Hume argued that beauty is a matter of personal taste in his essay “Of the Standard of Taste.” Immanuel Kant, in his Critique of Judgment, proposed that although judgments of beauty are subjective, they carry a claim to universal validity, reflecting a unique interplay between personal feeling and common sense. Friedrich Nietzsche also examined beauty, often linking it to broader cultural and existential themes.