1. Rejection of “Herd” Morality
   – Nietzsche attacks prevailing Christian-derived and egalitarian ethics as life-denying “slave moralities.”
   – In “Of the Three Metamorphoses” he urges individuals to transcend herd instincts and create personal values (Nietzsche 1883–85, Part I).

2. The Übermensch as a New Ideal
   – By proclaiming “I teach you the Overman” (Übermensch), Zarathustra offers a goal beyond both traditional piety and mere human complacency.
   – This figure embodies self-mastery and creative self-overcoming, challenging us to redefine what a “fully human” life can be.

3. The Doctrine of Eternal Recurrence
   – The thought experiment that every moment recurs infinitely confronts us with the weight of our choices: Would you live the same life again and again?
   – It undermines any easy appeal to future redemption or progress, insisting on radical responsibility here and now.

4. “God Is Dead” and the Void of Absolutes
   – Through the famous proclamation “God is dead,” Nietzsche dismantles belief in objective, divine grounds for truth and morality (The Gay Science, 1882, §125).
   – Zarathustra wrestles with this vacuum, forcing readers to face the anxiety of meaning’s disappearance and to become their own lawgivers.

By blending poetic parable with philosophical provocation, Thus Spoke Zarathustra shatters assumptions about truth, value, and human potential—and compels us to rethink the very possibility of creating meaning.

References:
• Nietzsche, Friedrich. Thus Spoke Zarathustra. 1883–85.
• Nietzsche, Friedrich. The Gay Science. 1882.
• Kaufmann, Walter. Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist. 1950 (trans. 1966).