Taleb’s work overturns the common belief that stability and predictability are inherently desirable. By introducing the concept of antifragility, he argues that certain systems actually improve when exposed to volatility and stress. This challenges our conventional strategies of risk management, emphasizing that avoiding disorder altogether may prevent opportunities for growth and adaptation.

Consider the human immune system. When exposed to a variety of pathogens in moderate amounts, your immune system learns and adapts, becoming stronger and more capable of fighting off future infections. This contrasts with an overly sterile environment, where insufficient exposure might leave the body less prepared for real threats. This example echoes Taleb’s idea of antifragility: certain systems benefit and improve when they encounter stressors.

An example in the artificial world is the open-source software community. Instead of trying to shield programs from any mistakes, developers encourage iterative testing and peer review. Small bugs or failures are rapidly identified and fixed by a diverse, decentralized community, leading to software that becomes more robust over time. This “fail fast” approach exemplifies antifragility in a man-made system.