1. W.V.O. Quine: Quine advocated for a naturalized epistemology, proposing that philosophy should be continuous with scientific inquiry and subject to empirical testing.

2. Daniel Dennett: Dennett applies scientific methods to study consciousness and evolution, arguing that understanding the mind can and should be grounded in biology and neuroscience.

3. Richard Dawkins: Known for his work in evolutionary biology, Dawkins also applies naturalistic reasoning to explain cultural and behavioral phenomena, arguing against supernatural explanations.

4. Theoretical and Empirical Approaches in Cognitive Science: Cognitive science often adopts scientific naturalism by formulating hypotheses about the mind that are testable through experiments and neuroimaging.

5. Philosophical Approaches in Physicalism: Many contemporary philosophers endorse physicalism, asserting that all phenomena, including mental states, can ultimately be explained in terms of physical processes, a stance rooted in naturalistic principles.

These examples show how scientific naturalism influences both the methodological approach in philosophy and the way diverse phenomena—ranging from epistemology to the study of consciousness—are examined using empirical and naturalistic frameworks.