Philosophical inquiry into child development examines how innate potential and environmental influences intertwine throughout growth. Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke proposed that children are born as blank slates, shaped significantly by experience, while Rousseau celebrated their natural goodness and autonomy. Modern theorists, including Piaget and Vygotsky, integrate these insights by emphasizing developmental stages and the critical role of social interaction. Overall, the discussion bridges nature and nurture, suggesting that a child’s learning and moral formation are the products of both intrinsic capacities and external conditions.