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Causal Inference: Understanding Cause and Effect

Causal inference involves determining whether and how one event or factor brings about another. Philosophically, it probes the nature of causation—beyond mere correlation—to explore how evidence, counterfactual scenarios, and experimental designs can support claims of cause and effect. Central issues include distinguishing genuine causal relations from coincidental associations and understanding the limits of our methods in uncovering necessary and sufficient conditions.

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