Spotify employs a hybrid model that integrates agile principles where they add the most value—primarily within technology and product development teams—and pairs these with more traditional, clearly defined hierarchies for core business functions. For example, engineering and product squads work in a decentralized, agile manner to foster innovation and rapid iteration. Meanwhile, functions such as sales, finance, HR, and legal typically follow conventional reporting lines to ensure compliance, standardized processes, and clear accountability. These centralised teams often interact with agile squads via liaisons or account managers, ensuring coordination and strategic alignment across the organisation. This dual approach allows Spotify to maintain creative agility alongside operational stability.